Zoning Board of Appeals
The ZBA is in charge of deciding area and use variance applications and interpreting the local zoning code. Under Town Law § 267-b, a ZBA has appellate authority only. The ZBA does not determine matters in the first instance. For example, if an applicant wants to build a structure that exceeds the size limitations set by the town, he or she would first have to apply for a permit, have that permit denied and then seek a variance from the ZBA.
- Use Variances (Town Law § 267-b): A use variance allows property to be used in a way that local zoning code prohibits. To be granted a use variance, an applicant must demonstrate an unnecessary hardship. To prove that there is an unnecessary hardship, an applicant must show:
- That the property cannot yield a reasonable return as currently zoned.
- The hardship is unique and does not apply to most area;
- That, if granted, the variance will not alter essential character of neighborhood;
- That the alleged hardship is not self-created.
The ZBA can impose reasonable conditions and restrictions that [1] directly or incidentally relate to the proposed use of property [2] are consistent with the intent of zoning law, and [3] are imposed to minimize any adverse impact the variance may have on the neighborhood or community.
- Area Variances (Town Law §267-b): An area variance allows a deviance from a zoning code’s dimensional standards. When reviewing an area variance application, the ZBA will balance the variance’s benefit to the applicant versus the detriment to health, safety and welfare of neighborhood / community. The ZBA must also consider:
- Does the variance create an undesirable change in character of neighborhood, or is it detrimental to neighboring properties?
- Can the applicant’s goal be achieved some other way?
- Is the area variance substantial?
- Is there an adverse effect on physical / environmental conditions of the neighborhood?
- Is the alleged hardship self-created?
As with a use variance, the ZBA can impose reasonable conditions and restrictions that [1] directly or incidentally relate to the proposed use of property [2] are consistent with the intent of zoning law, and [3] are imposed to minimize any adverse impact the variance may have on the neighborhood or community.